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Austria
March 1945, the Szepe family had to flee Hungary and spend time in Austria while awaiting immigration to the US. Austria is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. A landlocked country, Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of 32,383 sq miles and has a population of 9 million.
Austria emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium. Originally a margraviate of Bavaria, it developed into a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in 1156 and was later made an archduchy in 1453. In the 16th century, Vienna began serving as the empire's administrative capital and Austria thus became the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and the dominant member of the German Confederation. The empire's defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 led to the end of the Confederation and paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary a year later. After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia, which ultimately escalated into World War I. The empire's defeat and subsequent collapse led to the proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918 and the First Austrian Republic in 1919. During the interwar period, anti-parliamentarian sentiments culminated in the formation of an Austrofascist dictatorship under Engelbart Dollfuss in 1934. A year before the outbreak of World War II, Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany by Adolf Hitler, and it became a sub-national division. After its liberation in 1945 and a decade of Allied occupation, the country regained its sovereignty and declared its perpetual neutrality in 1955. Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy with a popularly elected president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government and chief executive. Major cities include Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. Austria is consistently listed as one of the richest countries in the world by GDP per capita and one of the countries with the highest standard of living; it was ranked 25th in the world for its Human Development Index in 2021. Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and of the European Union since 1995. It hosts the OSCE and OPEC and is a founding member of the OECD and Interpol. It also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995 and adopted the euro currency in 1999. Salzburg Cathedral is the seventeenth-century Baroque cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg in the city of Salzburg, Austria.
It took them about six weeks to travel by horse drawn wagon, the 250-300 miles from Gezahaza Hungary to Salzburg Austria. Then reaching the tall mountains and lake Attersee at Kammer in Northern Austria. Salzkammergut Austrian Alps.
Kammer Austria House where Szepe family lived from 1944-1949 after fleeing Hungary. House was shared with owners 3 (Pezendorfer), Hungarian Priest (Gergely), assistant (Donci), and Marian Hauptstumer. The 5 Szepe's lived in one room. Lacibacsi and Franciska had another room. The background barn attaches to house. The toilet (outhouse) was in barn (waste was used on vegetable garden). Kammer Austria, lake Attersee Szepe family lived in Austria 5 years (1944-1949) after fleeing Hungary.
Kammer Austria Jewish concentration camp (center) Elizabeth found abandoned food (potatoes). Borrowed a red wagon to haul the potatoes home. See church, middle upper left, where Szepe family attended weekly |